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Happy free-range chickens enjoying nature in the lush grass in the evening sun (Getty Image)
Corn and corn byproducts are the biggest components of poultry feed in the U.S. However, corn can be susceptible to a variety of mycotoxins, including carcinogens produced by fungi. Ingestion of mycotoxins can have disastrous effects on poultry populations, weakening the gut and leaving the poultry vulnerable to harmful bacteria. Losses due to mycotoxins are estimated at $900 million per year.
The FDA allows farmers to use corn and other feed containing mycotoxins at very low levels. However, researchers at ARS have found that even these low levels of mycotoxins in feed can be damaging to livestock, reducing production performance by 10.5% compared to unexposed birds. ARS research biologist Revathi Shanmugasundaram states, “Mycotoxin contamination of corn and feed must be reduced, and eventually eliminated, for optimal poultry health and production.”
ARS’s National Animal Germplasm Program (NAGP) collects, stores, and preserves genetic samples of various wildlife and livestock. Through the use of this program’s samples, cattle breeders have been able to restore genetic diversity in their livestock, resulting in more desirable genetic traits like greater size and higher milk production.
Angus and Holstein cattle were previously thought to have no problem with genetic diversity, but the use of pre-1997 NAGP samples in livestock breeding has proved that cows today produce less than those of yesteryear. NAGP researchers and the Livestock and Range Research Laboratory are currently studying the genomic differences between bulls born before 1997 and the current population to better understand the reasons for the higher performance levels.
Can you imagine spring without butterflies? More specifically, the black and orange winged monarch, the most iconic butterfly of all? Beyond the sadness of seeing this species fall into extinction, the effect on the North American ecosystem would be disastrous, causing a great reduction in floral diversity due to lack of pollination.
Researchers at ARS have devised a plan to preserve the monarch butterfly in the event of a mass extinction of the species. They devised the first known cryopreservation protocol for the long-term storage of monarch butterfly germplasm, specifically reproductive cells. Cryopreservation allows for these reproductive cells to be frozen and stored long term, preserving them for if and when monarch butterfly populations drop.
Cryopreservation presents a more permanent way of preserving insect germplasm and safeguards our vital pollinators from the threat of extinction, and by extension, the complete collapse of the North American ecosystem.
The TigerPaw-NR habanero pepper, developed and released by ARS scientists, is among the spiciest peppers ever developed. (Photo by Stephen Ausmus)
If you love chili peppers then sink your teeth into this: It’s well known that chili peppers and their extracts deliver antibacterial, antioxidant, pain-relieving, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, recent research shows that these hot commodities may also provide benefits to diabetics.
According to ARS scientists, a recently discovered compound in peppers may help counter the adverse effects of some diabetes medications. Patients taking some antidiabetic drugs (such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) tend to gain weight through increased fat accumulation. But ARS experiments indicate that capsiate, a capsinoid compound found in many commonly consumed peppers, reduces accumulation of fat so it may cancel this adverse effect if taken in combination with the antidiabetic drug.
Foodborne pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites can cause illnesses in humans when we consume contaminated foods. ARS scientists, along with the National Honey Board, are examining honey’s effects on the gut microbial community and whether honey can help the human body resist infection from certain foodborne pathogens.
To learn more, check out the article, “Honey’s Sweet Benefits”
Mosquitos are one of Earths most annoying pests and are known to carry many harmful diseases like Zika and yellow fever. Synthetic pesticides can be used to repel or kill mosquitos. However, it’s possible for mosquitos to adapt to these pesticides and build a resistance to them. ARS researchers have found a spicy repellant to mosquitos that is likely already in your fridge -- Mustard.
ARS researchers ran tests on several naturally occurring defense chemicals found in mustard seeds. They found that when submerged in water with mosquito larvae, all varieties of the mustard seeds tested proved toxic to the larvae, with one variety, garden cress, killing 95% of the larvae within a 24-hour period. These defense chemicals have been found to also kill root-damaging nematodes and disease-causing fungi.
With this new natural remedy for mosquito extermination, the spread of diseases like Zika and yellow fever can be mitigated easier and faster than ever before by eliminating the mosquito carriers before they can take flight.
Happy Pigs Eating Dinner While Getting Fed by Farmer - Getty images
Parasites can present serious health risks in commercial food supplies. Without proper mitigation efforts, parasitic infection can run rampant in livestock populations and cause major trouble for farmers. That scenario was often the reality for pig farmers before development of the U.S. Pork Quality Assurance Plus (PQA+) program, an education and certification program to improve production practices in the commercial pork industry.
ARS researchers pioneered many of the program’s mitigation techniques. Together with the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, ARS conducted a survey of pigs raised under the PQA+ program to determine if it was effective in mitigating exposure to the Trichinella parasite.
ARS scientists are examining a new decontamination method for raw meats like beef and pork. Just as meat is marinated before being put on the grill, in this method, raw meat is marinated in an ozone and water solution before it gets to the grocery store. This treatment kills about 90% of bacteria on the surfaces of meat.
Soybean cyst nematodes are invasive parasites that cause over $1 billion in damage each year in the U.S. The nematodes chew on soybean roots, passing along pathogens that infect the plant, causing it to wither and die. For soybean farmers, losses have been immense, and they need a practical solution.
Healthy Tip #37: Power Up with Iron-Rich Manteca Yellow Beans
Iron is a crucial mineral that keeps your energy levels soaring and your body functioning at its best, and what better way to boost your iron intake than with the Manteca yellow bean? This remarkable bean variety introduced by ARS researchers, is not only easy to digest but also boasts great iron bioavailability, meaning your body can absorb that precious iron more effectively! Imagine whipping up a hearty bean stew or a vibrant salad featuring these little powerhouses—they boil faster than traditional beans and have a mild flavor reminiscent of potatoes, making them a perfect addition to a variety of dishes.
But wait, there’s more! The Manteca yellow bean is not just nutritious; it’s also a culinary chameleon, ready to absorb the flavors of your favorite spices and ingredients. You can blend them into a creamy dip, use them in tacos, or even toss them into a stir-fry for an extra protein punch. So, whether you’re enjoying them in a savory dish or as a wholesome snack, the Manteca yellow bean can be used to jazz up your meals while helping fuel your active lifestyle.
To truly appreciate the benefits of this delightful bean, watch this engaging video that shows the wonders of the Manteca yellow bean and how it can elevate your meals while supporting your health.
Elementary school children harvesting tomatoes (USDA Flickr - 202108009-FNS-UNC-0008)
Healthy Tip #36: Grow Your Own Food
Growing your own food can be a rewarding and educational experience that promotes healthier eating. Whether you have a large backyard or just a small balcony, there’s always an opportunity to cultivate your own herbs, vegetables, or fruits. Start small with easy-to-grow options like basil, lettuce, or cherry tomatoes. These plants usually thrive in pots and require minimal maintenance.
By growing your own food, you’ll have fresh ingredients at your fingertips, making it easier to whip up nutritious meals at home or enjoy as a healthy snack when you have the munchies. You might find that you’re more inclined to cook and try new recipes when you can simply step outside to harvest your own readily available ingredients. Plus, gardening is a fantastic way to relieve stress and connect with nature, enhancing your overall well-being.
Ready to take your healthy eating to the next level? Watch and listen to this video featuring ARS horticulturalists, who will guide you on how to kickstart your own backyard or patio container garden. They share valuable insights and tips for growing easy-to-cultivate herbs like oregano, rosemary, lemon verbena, and more! Get inspired to cultivate your own produce and enjoy the benefits of eating healthy, homegrown food.
Did you know? ARS and NASA are working to produce apples in space. These space apples are being tested in the EPCOT Biotechnology Lab at Walt Disney World Resort. It’s here that our scientists are showcasing their work with NASA in custom-made plant growth chambers that mimic growing conditions on the International Space Station. Want to learn more? Check out “Growing Food in Space: The Final Frontier” to find out how we’re feeding astronauts in space.
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Tip #35: Mindful Eating
Stepping into a new year, or new season is the perfect time to embrace healthy eating and mindful habits! Making small changes, like incorporating more fruits and veggies into your meals, can have a big impact on your overall well-being. When eating out, opt for dishes that include fresh ingredients, like salads or grilled options, and don’t hesitate to ask for substitutions, like a side of steamed veggies instead of fries. For snacking, choose healthier options such as nuts, yogurt, or hummus with crunchy veggies instead of chips or sugary treats. If late-night cravings hit, reach for a piece of fruit, a handful of air-popped popcorn, or a small serving of dark chocolate—these options can satisfy your cravings without overindulging.
Mindful eating is important because it helps you tune into your body's hunger and fullness signals, leading to better food choices and preventing overeating. By slowing down and savoring your meals, you'll not only enjoy your food more but also be more aware of how different foods make you feel—physically and emotionally. This awareness can help you make healthier choices in the long run. Remember to take your time during meals and put away distractions, like your phone or TV, to fully engage with what you're eating.
By being intentional about your choices and enjoying each bite, you can cultivate a healthier relationship with food that sets a positive tone for healthful eating all year long.
Healthy Tip #34: Mushrooms: An Unsung Hero
Mushrooms are not just for pizza anymore—they’re a delicious and versatile superfood that deserves a spot in your meals! They’re often overlooked but are packed with incredible healthy benefits! These versatile fungi come in various types—think button, shiitake, and portobello—each bringing unique flavors and nutritional perks to your plate. Not only are mushrooms low in calories, making them a great choice for healthy eating, but they are also rich in vitamins and minerals like B vitamins, selenium, and potassium.
One of the standout features of mushrooms is their high antioxidant content, which helps fight inflammation and boost your immune system.
Try adding them to your favorite stir-fry, grill them as a tasty burger alternative, add them to omelets, or use them as a meat substitute in tacos for a healthy twist.
Incorporating mushrooms into your meals is not only a smart choice for your health; it’s also an easy way to add flavor and texture to your dishes.
Healthy Tip #33: Herbs: Your Flavorful Secret to a Healthy Gut
Herbs are a fantastic addition to your diet, not only for their vibrant flavors but also for their numerous health benefits, particularly for gut health. Many herbs, such as parsley, oregano, and cilantro, are rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients that can support a healthy digestive system. Fresh herbs like ginger and peppermint have been shown to aid in digestion and alleviate discomfort, while rosemary has anti-inflammatory properties that can promote gut health. Incorporating a variety of herbs into your meals—whether in salads, sauces, or teas—can enhance the flavor of your dishes and contribute to a healthy gut.
Listen to medicinal expert Erin Holden who works at the US National Arboretum’s National Herb Garden, the largest herb garden in the world! Erins shares tips for growing your own herbs and how they can help with keeping your gut happy.
Toss them into salads, blend them in smoothies, or spruce up your pizza. Don’t hesitate to sprinkle on some herbs to elevate your meals while nurturing your gut health! Plus, they make your food look Instagram-worthy!
Start experimenting and enjoy the yummy benefits!
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Tip #32: Leafy Greens
If you're looking to boost your health and energy levels, don't overlook leafy greens! Vegetables like spinach, kale, and romaine lettuce are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that your body needs to thrive, especially during your busy school days. Try adding leafy greens to your meals in fun and tasty ways. Toss a handful of spinach into your morning smoothie for an extra nutrient kick without changing the flavor or create a colorful salad by mixing different greens with your favorite veggies, nuts, and a light dressing. You can also sneak them into wraps or sandwiches for added crunch and nutrition. Not only do leafy greens help keep your skin clear and your immune system strong, but they also provide fiber that keeps you full and satisfied.
Research shows that eating leafy greens could support healthy brains. Vitamin K is primarily found in green, leafy vegetables like collard greens, kale, and spinach and a study found a correlation between adequate brain level concentrations of vitamin K and better cognitive function. In addition, researchers found higher brain vitamin K concentrations were associated with lower odds of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. These are all reasons to go green with leafy greens!
Healthy Tip #31: Peppers
Eating a variety of colorful vegetables is key to maintaining good health, and one vegetable that truly stands out is peppers! Peppers, including bell peppers and chili peppers, are not only delicious but also packed with nutrients.
Incorporating peppers into meals can significantly enhance your diet. They are rich in vitamins A and C, which are essential for healthy skin, vision, and immune function. Bell peppers can provide more than 150% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C. This is especially important for adolescents, as their bodies are undergoing rapid growth and development.
Moreover, peppers are a low-calorie food that contributes to a feeling of fullness without adding many calories. This makes them a great choice for snacks or meals, helping to maintain a healthy weight. They can easily be added to salads, stir-fries, or even enjoyed raw with your favorite hummus.
Over the years, ARS scientists have developed superior peppers! Watch Cooking with Science to find out how we put the pep in peppers! Did you know? ARS scientists created a new series of ornamental peppers called Holiday Peppers, named for their decorative color and shape, which are reminiscent of the old-fashioned lights used to decorate trees during the holiday season.
Incorporating peppers into your diet can be both fun and nutritious. Try different colors—red, yellow, and orange peppers each have distinct flavors and health benefits.
Fun Fact: Peppers are great for hydration, which is crucial for students who are active and need to stay focused throughout their day.
Trivia Question: Is a pepper a fruit or vegetable? Find out here.
The next time you’re preparing a meal or snack, remember to add some peppers for a tasty and healthy boost!
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Tip #30: Fiber
What is fiber? Fiber helps regulate the body’s use of sugars, helping to keep hunger and blood sugar in check. It’s a type of nutrient found in plant-based foods like fruits; vegetables; legumes; whole grains; as well as nuts. Fiber is like a broom for your digestive system. It helps keep things moving smoothly and prevents constipation, which can be uncomfortable. Incorporating fiber into your diet also helps you feel full and satisfied after eating, which can help you maintain a healthy weight. Aim to include fiber in each meal and snack to promote optimal gut health and overall well-being. Try adding small amounts of fiber and then gradually increase your intake to prevent any digestive discomfort. Don’t forget to stay hydrated to help fiber do its job efficiently in keeping your digestive system running smoothly. View information on foods that are high in fiber.
Healthy Tip #29: Avocado
Incorporating avocados into your diet can provide numerous health benefits. Avocados are a nutrient-dense fruit that are rich in heart-healthy monounsaturated fats, which can help lower bad cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. Additionally, avocados are a good source of fiber; vitamins C, E, K, and B-6; as well as minerals such as potassium and magnesium.
Here are fun ways that you can incorporate avocados into your diet:
1. Avocado toast: Spread mashed avocado on whole-grain toast and top it with a sprinkle of sea salt. Drizzle with olive oil for a delicious and satisfying breakfast or snack. If you like spice, add a dash of red pepper flakes.
2. Guacamole dip: Make your own guacamole by mashing ripe avocados. Add diced tomatoes, onions, cilantro, lime juice, and a pinch of salt. Enjoy with whole-grain tortilla chips or veggie sticks for a nutritious snack.
3. Avocado smoothie: Add a ripe avocado to your favorite smoothie recipe for a creamy texture and added nutrients. Avocados pair well with fruits like bananas, berries, and mangoes for a delicious and filling smoothie.
By adding avocados into your diet in creative and delicious ways, you can enjoy the health benefits of this versatile fruit while maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet.
Healthy Tip #28: Eating Out
Healthy eating is important at every age. We should eat a variety of dishes that are rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Eating out can be tempting, leading us to indulge in rich, high-calorie dishes. However, it is possible to enjoy delicious meals while making healthier choices. When dining out, practice mindful eating. Look for menu options that are grilled, steamed, baked, or roasted, as these options are healthier than fried selections. Be mindful of condiments and dressings, as they can add extra calories, sugar, and sodium to your meal. Asking for sauces and dressings on the side gives you control to use them sparingly. Another tip is to request modifications to your dish, such as swapping out fries for a side salad or asking for grilled chicken instead of breaded. Consider sharing your meal with a friend or taking half of your meal home for later to help control portion sizes. by making small adjustments, you can enjoy dining out while still prioritizing your health and well-being. Remember, balance and moderation are key. For more tips on dining out and take out, check out MyPlate.
Healthy Tip #27: Hydration
Staying hydrated is crucial for maintaining good health and overall well-being. Our bodies are made up of about 60% water, and every cell, tissue, and organ rely on water to function properly. Drinking enough water helps regulate body temperature, aides in digestion, and keeps our skin looking healthy. Dehydration can lead to headaches, fatigue, dizziness, and even more serious health issues. So, make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your body functioning at its best.
Go to Water, Hydration, and Health on Nutrition.gov to find out what foods and beverages can help you stay hydrated and get the facts on how much water to drink each day.
Healthy Tip #26: Watermelon
Sweet, juicy watermelon is the perfect thirst-quenching fruit! Made almost entirely (92%) of water, watermelon is not only a cool and refreshing treat, but also chock-full of healthy vitamins and minerals, making it a great choice for weight management and boosting the immune system. Watermelon is also rich in antioxidants, which may help reduce the risk of some chronic diseases.
The classic watermelon variety that you see in stores, known as the Charleston Grey, was developed by ARS scientist Charles Frederick Andrus. The Charleston Grey—which has great flavor, an oblong shape, a hard rind that makes it easy to stack and ship, and, even more importantly, extensive disease resistance—remains a variety of choice. Today, the Charleston Grey can be found in the lineage of 95% of watermelons grown around the world. Watermelon is grown in 44 states, while major production is centered in California, Florida, Georgia, and Texas.
No matter how you slice or dice it, adding watermelon to your diet can contribute to overall well-being and support a healthy lifestyle.
Healthy Tip #25: Microgreens
Microgreens are young vegetable greens that are harvested as tiny seedlings, at 7 to 21 days old, just after the first leaves have developed. Microgreens are considered a superfood, which means they are exceptionally nutrient-dense and beneficial for overall health and well-being compared to their mature counterparts. They are loaded with nutrients and have been found to have higher concentrations of vitamins and minerals.
Research shows that microgreens contain higher levels of antioxidants and other beneficial compounds that can help support overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. They are also rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins C, E, and K, as well as beta carotene. Sources of these important nutrients can be found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
Did you know ARS and NASA have joined forces to develop ways to grow microgreens in space so that astronauts will have access to a safe and nutrient-dense food supply while on space missions? Visit our web page, Growing Food in Space: The Final Frontier and check out, "How to Feed an Astronaut," to learn more.
By incorporating microgreens into your meals, you can boost the nutritional content of your diet and provide yourself with a wide range of health benefits. Try adding them to salads, sandwiches, smoothies, or as a garnish on soup and other dishes.
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Tip #24: Oats
Oats are a super grain that can do wonders for your heart health. By adding oats to your meals, you may be able to lower bad cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart problems. Oats contain a special kind of fiber called beta-glucan that can help keep your heart healthy by lowering LDL cholesterol. This means oats may protect your heart and keep it strong.
Not only that, but oats are also full of nutrients that are great for your heart, like antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals such as magnesium and potassium. These nutrients can help your heart by controlling blood pressure, fighting inflammation, and making sure your heart works well. Oats are also a filling and nutritious food that can keep you feeling energized and satisfied all day long. They have protein, fiber, and vitamins that are important for your growth, energy, and overall health.
Oats can be enjoyed in many tasty ways, like overnight oatmeal, granola, and oat smoothies. Mix them with fruits, nuts, seeds, or spices to create delicious and healthy meals. By making oats a regular part of your diet, you can not only enjoy a versatile food but also help take care of your heart and your overall health.
Healthy Tip #23: Peanuts
Peanuts! Did you know it takes about 540 peanuts to make a 12-ounce jar of peanut butter? 50% or more of the peanuts grown in the United States are made into peanut butter.
Peanuts are a nutritious snack option as they are packed with protein, healthy fats, and fiber. A small handful of peanuts can help curb your hunger in between meals. However, since peanuts are calorie dense, when incorporating them into a healthy eating plan, keep portion control in mind and choose unsalted or lightly salted peanuts to reduce sodium intake. Another healthy option is to consider adding peanuts to your favorite salad, stir-fry, or trail mix.
Contender, a new Virginia-type peanut variety noted for its big, crunchy, and flavorful traits was developed by ARS researchers. It contains high amounts of oleic fatty acids, which can promote cardiovascular health and extend peanut product shelf life. Watch and learn more about Contender in this short video.
What about peanut skins? Unfortunately, peanuts skins can be a major source of processing waste for the industry. Thanks to ARS researchers, they are using the peanut skins to make healthier chocolate without affecting taste of texture. To find out more, listen to our podcast.
Allergic to peanuts? Check out Healthy Eating Tip #9 – Sunbutter as a delicious alternative to peanut butter.
Lastly, be mindful of your portion sizes and enjoy your baked goods in moderation.
Adobe stock image (Yuri Arcurs, peopleimages.com)
Healthy Tip #22: Popcorn
Do you love snacks? Who doesn’t! Popcorn, a popular snack can also be a healthy snack option. One serving provides about one-third of the whole grains most American adolescents need. Popcorn is a 100 percent whole grain, is a good source of fiber, and can be a handy snack on the go. When it comes to popcorn as a healthy snack, there are a few tips to keep in mind. First, air-popped popcorn contains fewer calories and less fat. There are many options for healthy prepackaged popcorn at the supermarket, too. Read the ingredients list and nutrition facts to make sure the amounts of sodium and saturated fat are low. Additionally, try to avoid adding excessive amounts of salt, instead experiment with different seasonings like herbs, spices, or even nutritional yeast to give it a cheesy flavor. The key is watching how much of it you eat. To avoid eating more than a serving size, put your serving of popcorn in small bowl and save the rest for another day.
Read more about popcorn nutrition and learn how to make a healthier version of this favorite movie snack.
Healthy Eating Tip #21: Healthier Baking
Healthy baking involves making conscious choices to use nutritious ingredients and adopting healthier baking techniques. Instead of using refined flours, try whole grain flours like whole wheat, peanut, or wine grape seed flour, which are higher in fiber and nutrients. Did you know that ARS scientists developed new alternatives to refined white flour? These flours include peanut, chia-oat, amaranth-oat, and wine grape seed flour. You can check them out here. We had consumers in mind when developing these alternatives to help so those with certain dietary needs could enjoy foods like cake and pizza without elevating their health risks.
Another ingredient that you can easily substitute is sugar. Rather than using refined sugars, opt for natural sweeteners like pureed apples, mashed bananas, or honey. Swapping in healthier fats like avocado oil can replace higher fat ingredients like butter. For a nutritional boost, you can incorporate or top your baked goods with nuts and seeds.
Lastly, be mindful of your portion sizes and enjoy your baked goods in moderation.
Healthy Eating Tip #20: Cranberries
Eating cranberries is a wonderful way to boost your overall well-being. Cranberries are rich in antioxidants, particularly flavonoids, which help protect the body against free radicals and reduce inflammation. They are also a great source of vitamin C, fiber, and vitamin E. Consuming cranberries regularly has been linked to improved urinary tract health, as they contain compounds that prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract walls. Cranberries have been associated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
ARS researchers are helping cranberry growers tap into the potential of tools provided by nature that can control cranberry pests. The researchers also are working to strengthen cranberry resiliency as climate change affects production and better understand heat tolerance in cranberries which can lead to improved cranberry variety recommendations for growers.
Enjoy cranberries, fresh, dried, or as a juice. Adding them to your diet can provide numerous benefits.
Listen to this audio podcast to learn how drinking cranberry juice can lead to significant heart health benefits.
Image courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Eating Tip #19: Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoes are a great way to incorporate nutrient-rich foods into your diet. Sweet potatoes are packed with vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin C, and potassium. They are also a good source of fiber, which aids in digestion and helps you feel fuller longer. Additionally, sweet potatoes have a lower glycemic index compared to regular potatoes, making them a healthier option for managing blood sugar levels.
ARS scientists know what it takes to make a good sweet potato, whether you like it in pies and custards, baked, as chips or French fries, and even juice or smoothies. Did you know that they develop sweet potato varieties for improved color, flavor, and texture and test them for characteristics that appeal to consumers’ appetites?
Different sweet potato varieties with different flesh color—white, yellow, orange, and purple—are available around the world! Whether baked, roasted, or mashed, sweet potatoes can be a delicious and nutritious addition to any meal. Want to learn more? Check out this question and answer interview with an ARS sweet potato expert.
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Eating Tip #18: Pumpkin
Pumpkins: we all recognize them as a hallmark of fall (along with their not-quite-real cousin, pumpkin spice), but what do we really know about them? Did you know that pumpkins are a member of the squash family, and are rich in beta-carotene, a natural plant compound that gives them their beautiful orange color?
Beta-carotene is a red-orange pigment found in some plants and fruits. It is one of several kinds of carotenoids, chemical compounds created by plants that help give them their bright yellow, orange, or red pigments. Carotenoids play an essential role in photosynthesis and have two major roles – to harvest light and to prevent damage when the plant is overexposed to sunlight. They act as photo-protectors, antioxidants, color attractants, and precursors of plant hormones in non-photosynthetic organs of plants.
ARS scientists have developed a way to measure beta-carotene and other beneficial carotenoids found in pumpkins. Using their technique, the scientists found that pumpkin has more beta-carotene than many other foods in your kitchen cabinet. Our bodies convert beta-carotene into vitamin A—an essential vitamin that promotes eye and skin health, and proper development.
There are many ways to incorporate this seasonal superstar into your diet. Try these grab and go Cranberry Pumpkin Muffins, or, if you are looking for a sweet treat, try this creamy Pumpkin Pudding. Add granola, nuts, and a dollop of yogurt for a little extra nutrition.
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Eating Tip #17: Salsa
If there’s one thing Americans love to put on their food, it’s salsa!
Although salsa can be prepared using a variety of ingredients, it typically consists of tomatoes, onions, peppers, and spices. The first salsas were made thousands of years ago by the Inca, Maya, and Aztec people in Mexico and Central America. In Spanish, the word salsa means “sauce.”
Some people assume salsa is only served with chips, but this popular condiment can also be paired with steak, tacos, burritos, eggs, chicken, and other dishes.
U.S. farmers grow everything you need to make salsa tasty and delicious. Perhaps the most important ingredient in salsa is the tomato. To give consumers more and better tomato options, the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service developed the Roma tomato in 1955. Bred to be highly resistant to diseases and insects, the Roma offers flavorful flesh, and abundant lycopene, a chemical compound that gives tomatoes their bright red color and helps to prevent cancer. Ready to learn more about tomatoes? Put on your headphones and listen to our Science in Your Shopping Cart podcast about the Roma tomato.
Another key ingredient in salsa is peppers. Check out our recent video, Cooking with Science: Peppers to see chef Elliott Farmer create delicious recipes that you can make at home, using ARS-developed peppers. Jalapeño peppers are popular in salsa recipes, but if you really want to kick it up a notch, TigerPaw-NR, a habanero pepper developed and released by ARS, will put some pep in your step. Learn more about ARS pepper research in our Pepper Portal.
Of course, these ingredients are just the beginning — you can always add your own favorite ingredient for a personal twist on salsa!
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Eating Tip #16: Smoothies
Did you know that there are five food groups that help us stay healthy? They are fruits, grains, dairy, vegetables, and proteins. There are a variety of ways to incorporate foods from the five food groups into your diet. One way is by making smoothies, which have become increasingly popular because they are versatile, easy to prepare, nutritious, and tasty. Smoothies are thick, creamy beverages that are usually blended from fruits, vegetables, juices, yogurt, nuts, seeds, or milk. They can easily be modified for taste and dietary preference. There are several kinds of smoothies. Green smoothies are usually packed mostly with leafy green vegetables and fruit and blended with water, juice, or milk. Fruit smoothies typically feature fruit blended with a liquid. For a well-balanced fruit smoothie, use one or two fruits blended with calcium-fortified milk or a non-dairy alternative and a handful of spinach. Protein smoothies mainly contain one vegetable or one fruit, a liquid and a protein source like tofu, cottage cheese, or Greek yogurt. Smoothies are a great option if you are on the go, and a creative way to boost your fruit and vegetable intake.
Photo courtesy of Adobe Stock.
Healthy Eating Tip #15: Fish
Current dietary guidelines recommend that Americans double their seafood intake in order to get more beneficial nutrients, especially Omega-3s, fatty acids that are critical to many of the body’s functions. Omega-3s provide energy-boosting calories, form an important part of cell membranes, and support many functions in the heart, blood vessels, lungs, immune system and endocrine system (the network of hormone-producing glands). They serve as the starting point for production of hormones that regulate blood clotting, contraction and relaxation of artery walls, and inflammation. Research has also shown that Omega-3s can help prevent cardiovascular diseases like heart disease, control rheumatoid arthritis, and protect against cancer and other conditions. They also play an important role in the health of the brain and nervous system, as well as supporting vision.
Many fish, like salmon, mackerel, herring, sardines, and anchovies are high in omega-3 fatty acids, but did you know that salmon are one of the most nutrient-dense foods on the planet? Salmon is the most popular fish species in the United States, and Americans consume nearly 450 tons of it each year! That’s a lot of fish, which is why ARS researchers are working to bring healthier, stronger salmon to your plate.
Having grapes for lunch or a snack? Not only are those little globes jam-packed with vitamin C and other nutrients, but they are also full of water, which can help keep you hydrated.
Speaking of grapes, think about the last time you ate them. Did you have to pick seeds out of your teeth? Most likely, the answer is no! That's because ARS scientists bred "seedless" grape varieties with seeds so small that you can't detect them. ARS scientists have developed more than half of the top 10 varieties of seedless grapes, including the Flame Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Thomcord, and Autumn King.
Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented products in the world. It is made by fermenting milk that is heated and mixed with bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, both beneficial for digestive health. In fact, creamy, delicious yogurt is considered a nutrient powerhouse. It is an excellent source of protein, calcium and potassium, which help to build strong muscles and bones and provide your body with energy. Yogurt with breakfast, as a snack, or in a smoothie, is an easy way to get the nutrient boost you need to start your morning. Just check the ingredients and make sure your yogurt is low in sugar. For a fun way to enjoy yogurt with the whole family, try this recipe for confetti yogurt pops that have just 3 simple ingredients.
Spinach may not be flashy, but it packs a punch when it comes to nutrition and flavor. A rich source of vitamins and minerals, it contains potassium, vitamins A, C, E, and K, fiber, calcium, iron, folate, and zinc. Together, these nutrients can increase energy, promote healthy skin and hair, regulate blood pressure, and improve eye health.
While most people picture spinach as a leafy green vegetable, it can also come in other colors; in 2019, ARS announced that it had developed and released the world's first true red spinach variety. USDA Red is considered a "super food" because it is nutrient-rich and is especially beneficial for health and well-being. Its red color comes from a phytonutrient (that is, a nutrient that comes from plants) called betacyanin, which is a potent antioxidant that has been shown to significantly reduce oxidative stress, a condition that happens when your antioxidant levels are low, and may even help to prevent chronic illnesses, inflammation, and cancer. USDA Red is a semi-flat type of spinach with a medium growth rate and semi-erect, spade-shaped leaves with round-pointed tips and purple-red veins and petioles.
If you want to enjoy its health benefits, toss a little spinach into scrambled eggs, add it to pizza, soup or stew, blend it into a smoothie, stir-fry it or add it to your favorite salad. It's versatile and tasty – and your body will thank you.
Don’t skip the black beans. Did you know that black beans, also known as turtle beans because of their shiny, hard, shell-like appearance, are among the most frequently-eaten legumes? Black beans are naturally low in sodium, have a high fiber content, and are rich in antioxidants. Studies show that they have many potential health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, aiding digestion, and warding off chronic illnesses like heart disease and type 2 diabetes. An ARS study revealed that eating just a small amount of cooked black beans—about half a cup per day—can help restore healthy gut bacteria and improve sensitivity to insulin and other measures related to diabetes. So go ahead and add the black beans!
Peaches! You may already know that the state of Georgia is the peach capital of the United States, but many peaches also grow in California. Did you know there are over 2,000 varieties of peaches? Like many fruits, peaches are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, specifically vitamins C, A, E and K. These nutrients help fight disease and help build healthy eyes and bones. Peaches boast lots of potential health benefits, including aiding digestion, reducing allergy symptoms, and improving heart health. The fruit is power-packed with antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. Peaches are a terrific snack when you want something sweet and juicy.
By the way, ever wonder why peaches have fuzz on their skin? The fuzz is a defense mechanism designed to help protect the peaches from insects, disease, even poor weather while they grow on trees. What is the ARS connection to peaches? ARS researchers are controlling peachtree borers, a destructive pest of peach orchards, in Southeastern peach orchards using a technique that successfully disrupts their activity. The technique has been used in more than 5,000 acres of peaches in Georgia. That’s good news for peach lovers and the peach industry.
Drop a peach in your lunch bag for a healthy afternoon or evening snack and reap the health benefits while enjoying the sweetness of the fruit. Did you know that ARS also released three new peach varieties? We call the trio of Joy peaches, Rich Joy, Liberty Joy, and Crimson Joy. All three “Joy” peaches are yellow with rosy skins and have balanced flavor making them a perfect healthy treat.
Want to find out more about how we are controlling peach borers? Check out this short article.
Healthy Eating Tip #9: SunButter®
Have you seen the peanut butter alternatives in your local grocery store? For those with peanut allergies, finding a healthy alternative is an important part of planning and making food choices. Researchers at the ARS Southern Regional Research Center in New Orleans, LA and their collaborator helped develop a sunflower-seed spread that offers a tasty option for those who are allergic to peanuts. The sunflower butter product, known as SunButter®, resembles the flavor, texture, and appearance of commercially available peanut butter. SunButter® is made from sunflower seeds but tastes like peanut butter and has had tremendous commercial success. It is available in a variety of flavors (creamy, organic unsweetened, natural, natural crunch, and natural omega-3). What’s even better is you can place an on-the-go snack size called, “go packs,” in your lunch bag, backpack, or purse.
SunButter® is a good source of protein, fiber, vitamin E, zinc, and iron and can also be found as a added ingredient in some energy bars.
The next time you are in the grocery store, look for SunButter®
Healthy Eating Tip #8: Orange Juice
Have a glass of fresh orange juice and you will be providing your body with surprising health benefits. Orange juice is an excellent source of Vitamin C, folate, and potassium and plays a central role in supporting your immune system.
Fifty years ago, frozen orange juice was just a flavorless, commercial flop. The only orange juice you could get back then was either squeezed from fresh oranges, mixed from a tasteless concentrate, or poured from a can-and it tasted like a can! Flavor is one of the most important qualities of orange juice, and aroma compounds are significantly responsible for the fresh-squeezed taste that we all like. Unfortunately, those aroma compounds evaporate during the condensing process used to make frozen concentrated orange juice. Sixty years ago, the director of research for the Florida Citrus Commission suggested that adding a little single-strength fresh juice to slightly overconcentrated orange juice might restore the flavor and aroma lost during evaporation. ARS researchers used this idea and with their expertise and hi-tech equipment and were able to vastly improve the flavor of orange juice, making it taste more like fresh.
Wondering if different oranges and orange juice have the same amount of vitamin C? To find out, check out AgLab’s vitamin C challenge.
Healthy Eating Tip #7: Blueberries
Love blueberries? Blueberries are healthy and nutritional powerhouses that taste delicious whether fresh, frozen, dried, or processed.
There is a very good chance that the blueberries you eat can be traced back to varieties developed by ARS scientists, who started a breeding program on wild blueberry plants in the early 1900s. ARS developed nearly 100 new blueberry varieties in order to help our farmers meet consumer demands for the delicious fruit.
Did you know that Mississippi is among 10 states that grow 98% of America’s commercial blueberry crop? Have you ever wondered why blueberries are blue or why they are hailed as ‘superfruits’ or how to make them last longer? We did an interview with two researchers at the ARS Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Lab located in Beltsville, MD and they answered these questions in Breeding Better Blueberries.
Healthy Eating Tip #6: Nuts and Seeds
You’ve heard it before, “Eat nuts and seeds” as a healthy snack alternative. It’s true. Nuts and seeds are a great source of protein, fiber, antioxidants; contain a wide variety of vitamins and minerals; and are high in healthy fats. They also help regulate body weight, burn energy, and keep us fuller longer!
Replace that muffin, biscuit, or cake with a serving of raw or dry roasted nuts. Combine nuts and seeds with vegetables, salads, or sprinkle them onto breakfast cereals.
Did you know seeds are loaded with:
• Calcium - essential for healthy bones • Iron - helps you make proteins that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout your body • Phosphorus – helpful for many body functions such as repairing our cells • Magnesium - helps our bodies stay hydrated and our brains healthy
Speaking of seeds, did you know ARS has a seed vault at Iowa State University that is keeping seeds safe to ensure a more sustainable future and helping farmers by enhancing the seeds that we already have today? Here’s a cool video; take a tour and learn more.
Healthy Eating Tip #5: Apples
Apples are a delicious snack and incredibly good for you. Gala, Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, Pink Lady, Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Fuji, McIntosh – no matter your taste preference, there’s an apple just for you. With such a variety to pick from, you will be doing your body a favor when you eat them. Some health benefits commonly associated with apples include moderating blood sugar levels and blood pressure, boosting vitamin C, reducing cholesterol, supporting brain function, and promoting good health.
At ARS, we love apples too, which is why our researchers are developing very cool innovations to ensure the apples in your grocery store or farmer’s market are fresh, tasty, and high quality. We are breeding apple rootstocks that are more resistant to pests and diseases, that bear more delicious fruit, and are more ideal for apple growers to pick and prune.
You can find apples everywhere, even at McDonald’s. Back in 2004, ARS scientists and their partner developed and patented a coating that keeps peeled apples from browning without changing their texture or flavor. This technology helps McDonald’s provide their customers with wrapped apples that are still crispy and tasty.
Want to learn more? Put your earphones on and listen to this fun and tasty apple podcast.
Photo courtesy of Getty Images
Healthy Eating Tip #4: Melons
Mmm…! Watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew are refreshing and good for you. They help you hydrate, provide you with a variety of nutrients and have numerous health benefits.
An ARS scientist in Wyndmoor, PA, developed a cool technology that steam-cleans cantaloupes and reduces pathogens. The successful technology may also be used to sanitize watermelon, honeydew melons, cucumbers and carrots.
Here’s an idea, try having melon balls or pop a chunk of the delicious fruit on a popsicle stick, freeze it and enjoy a cool and healthy treat for dessert.
Healthy Eating Tip #3: Strawberries
What’s your favorite fruit? If you said strawberries, did you know that strawberries are low in calories, very rich in antioxidants and are an excellent source of vitamin C? Strawberries are a healthy snack option and has benefits for heart health and blood sugar control.
Did you know that ARS once saved the strawberry industry? In the 1950s, ARS came to the rescue by releasing the first varieties that could survive a root-rotting fungus called red steele. We didn’t stop there. Since then, ARS has bred and released dozens of strawberry cultivars that can stand up to the many challenges growers face such as insects, diseases, short growing seasons, and the rigors of harvest and transport.
Instead of reaching for a sugary beverage or treat have a serving of sweet, juicy, and delicious strawberries.
Healthy Eating Tip #2: Carrots
Looking for a healthy snack? Carrots are one of the most popular vegetables around the world. Did you know that more than 25 years ago, ARS scientists began a quest to breed carrots packed with beta-carotene? That’s the orange pigment in carrots and it’s used by the body to create vitamin A. Today, many carrot varieties have 75% more beta-carotene.
Whether they are orange, red, yellow or purple, they are a nutritious and healthy snack.
Healthy Eating Tip #1: Veggies
Start your meal with vegetables first. You will feel full sooner and ensure that you get valuable vegetable nutrients.
